On 17 September 2010, the Energy Community Secretariat sent an Opening Letter to the Republic of Serbia in accordance with Article 12 of the Rules of Procedure for Dispute Settlement. The case was initiated by a complaint from the operator of the electricity transmission system located on the territory of Kosovo, KOSTT. In the Opening Letter, the Secretariat takes the preliminary view that the Republic of Serbia failed to fulfill its obligations under the Energy Community Treaty on account of practices by the state-owned Serbian transmission system operator Elektromreža Srbije (EMS) imputable to Serbia.